Strategic stimulation of key fertility acupuncture points can significantly support reproductive health by improving blood flow to the uterus, regulating hormones, reducing stress, and enhancing implantation rates. Research shows the Paulus Protocol (acupuncture before and after embryo transfer) increased pregnancy rates from 26.3% to 42.5% in the original study, validating what Traditional Chinese Medicine has understood for centuries about specific point functions.
Whether you're preparing for IVF, trying to conceive naturally, managing PCOS, or addressing unexplained infertility, understanding which acupuncture points your practitioner uses and why can help you feel more engaged in your treatment. Each point has specific functions, and combinations of points work synergistically to address your unique fertility challenges.
Key Takeaways:
- Specific points serve specific functions: Different acupuncture points target different aspects of fertility. SP6 regulates hormones, CV4 strengthens the uterus, ST36 builds energy, and LR3 reduces stress. Point selection is highly personalized to your diagnosis and treatment phase.
- IVF protocols follow evidence-based timing: The Paulus Protocol involves acupuncture immediately before and after embryo transfer. Meta-analyses show acupuncture increases live birth rates by 30% when compared to no treatment, with even greater benefits for women who have had previous failed cycles.
- Preparation starts months before transfer: The most effective fertility acupuncture protocols begin 2-3 months before IVF to improve egg quality, optimize hormonal balance, and prepare the uterine lining during follicular development.
- Point selection changes throughout your cycle: Fertility acupuncturists modify which points they use based on menstrual phase. Building and nourishing points during the follicular phase shift to calming and supportive points post-transfer.
- Home acupressure extends professional treatment: Key fertility points like SP6, ST36, and PC6 can be safely stimulated at home through acupressure to complement professional acupuncture sessions.
Fertility Acupuncture by the Numbers:
- Studies show acupuncture increases IVF clinical pregnancy rates by 42.5% in the original Paulus study
- Blood flow to the uterus increases by up to 35% following fertility acupuncture
- 70% of women with irregular cycles achieve regular ovulation after 3-6 months of acupuncture
- Women receiving acupuncture report 50% reduction in stress hormones (cortisol)
- 95% of fertility acupuncture protocols include the point SP6 (Sanyinjiao)
- Acupuncture improves sperm motility by 16% and morphology by 28%
Sources: Fertility and Sterility, Human Reproduction, Journal of Integrative Medicine
What Are the Most Effective Fertility Acupuncture Points to Increase Chances of Natural Conception?
Understanding the primary fertility acupuncture points helps you participate actively in your treatment and know what to expect during sessions.
The 10 Most Important Fertility Acupuncture Points
|
Point |
Chinese Name |
Location |
Primary Fertility Function |
|
SP6 |
Sanyinjiao |
3 inches above inner ankle |
Master point for hormones, regulates cycles, nourishes blood |
|
CV4 |
Guanyuan |
3 inches below navel |
Strengthens uterus, supports implantation, tonifies kidney |
|
ST36 |
Zusanli |
Below knee, outer leg |
Builds Qi and blood, supports digestion, energy foundation |
|
KI3 |
Taixi |
Behind inner ankle |
Nourishes kidney essence, supports egg quality |
|
LR3 |
Taichong |
Top of foot |
Moves Qi, reduces stress, regulates liver |
|
CV6 |
Qihai |
1.5 inches below navel |
"Sea of Qi," reproductive energy, warms uterus |
|
Zigong |
Palace of Child |
Lower abdomen lateral |
Direct uterine point, regulates menstruation |
|
BL23 |
Shenshu |
Lower back, L2 |
Tonifies kidney, supports reproductive function |
|
KI6 |
Zhaohai |
Below inner ankle |
Nourishes yin, calms mind, regulates cycles |
|
PC6 |
Neiguan |
Inner wrist |
Calms anxiety, reduces nausea, supports heart |
Understanding How Acupuncture Points Affect Fertility
Hormonal Regulation: Points on the Kidney and Spleen meridians influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. Stimulation affects FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone levels. Regular treatment can restore ovulatory function in women with irregular cycles.
Blood Flow Enhancement: Specific points increase circulation to the uterus and ovaries. Improved blood flow delivers more oxygen and nutrients to reproductive organs, enhancing endometrial development and follicle nourishment.
Stress Reduction: Liver Qi-moving points reduce cortisol and adrenaline. Calming points activate the parasympathetic nervous system. Lower stress improves reproductive hormone function and creates better conditions for conception.
Immune Modulation: Certain points may help regulate immune response. This is important for implantation and preventing inappropriate immune reactions that could interfere with pregnancy.
Take our free fertility quiz to understand your unique patterns →
Which Acupuncture Points Are Best for Boosting Female Fertility and Regulating Ovulation?
Ovulation support requires strategic point selection based on your cycle phase.
Acupuncture Points for Ovulation Support
|
Point |
How It Supports Ovulation |
Best Phase to Use |
|
SP6 (Sanyinjiao) |
Regulates hormones, promotes yin-to-yang transition |
Mid-cycle, around ovulation |
|
LR3 (Taichong) |
Ensures smooth Qi flow for egg release |
Ovulatory phase |
|
KI3 (Taixi) |
Nourishes follicle development |
Follicular phase |
|
CV4 (Guanyuan) |
Strengthens reproductive organs |
Throughout cycle |
|
ST36 (Zusanli) |
Provides energy for ovulation |
Follicular phase |
|
LI4 (Hegu) |
Promotes Qi movement, supports release |
Ovulation only (avoid in TWW) |
|
GB21 (Jianjing) |
Descending point, supports release |
Ovulation trigger only |
What Are the Best Points for Ovulation Support?
Pre-Ovulation (Follicular Phase): Focus on building yin and blood. Nourishing points include KI3, KI6, SP6, and ST36 to support follicle development. This phase is about creating abundant resources for the developing egg.
At Ovulation: Shift to moving Qi points. LI4, LR3, and GB21 promote egg release. These points are used in a short window (12-24 hours) around ovulation to facilitate the natural release mechanism.
Post-Ovulation (Luteal Phase): Avoid strong moving points. Support implantation with CV4, ST36, and KI3. Calming points like PC6 and GV20 reduce anxiety during the two-week wait. The focus shifts entirely to maintaining and supporting rather than moving.
How Can I Use Fertility Acupuncture Points to Support IVF and Improve Implantation Rates?
IVF-specific protocols have been extensively researched, with the Paulus Protocol being the most well-known approach.
IVF Acupuncture Protocol by Phase
|
IVF Phase |
Timing |
Key Points Used |
Goals |
|
Pre-IVF Preparation |
2-3 months before |
KI3, SP6, ST36, CV4, BL23 |
Build egg quality, optimize hormones |
|
Stimulation Phase |
During medications |
KI3, KI6, SP6, CV4, Zigong |
Support follicle development, reduce side effects |
|
Pre-Transfer |
25 min before |
GV20, LI4, SP8, PC6, ST29, CV4 |
Relax uterus, reduce anxiety |
|
Post-Transfer |
Immediately after |
ST36, SP6, SP10, KI3, LR3 |
Support implantation, calm nervous system |
|
Luteal Phase (TWW) |
Weekly |
KI3, ST36, PC6, GV20 (gentle) |
Maintain pregnancy, reduce stress |
The Paulus Protocol for Embryo Transfer
The original 2002 Paulus study showed pregnancy rates of 42.5% in the acupuncture group compared to 26.3% in the control group. While subsequent studies have shown mixed results, meta-analyses indicate significant benefits, particularly when acupuncture is combined with multiple sessions before transfer rather than just transfer-day treatment.
Pre-Transfer Session (25 minutes before):
|
Point |
Location |
Purpose |
|
GV20 (Baihui) |
Top of head |
Calms mind, reduces anxiety |
|
LI4 (Hegu) |
Hand, thumb web |
Moves Qi, relaxes body |
|
SP8 (Diji) |
Inner leg, below knee |
Xi-cleft point, benefits uterus |
|
PC6 (Neiguan) |
Inner wrist |
Calms heart, reduces nausea |
|
ST29 (Guilai) |
Lower abdomen |
Regulates uterus, supports fertility |
|
CV4 (Guanyuan) |
Below navel |
Strengthens uterus, supports implantation |
Post-Transfer Session (Immediately after):
|
Point |
Location |
Purpose |
|
ST36 (Zusanli) |
Below knee |
Grounds energy, supports Qi |
|
SP6 (Sanyinjiao) |
Inner ankle |
Blood support (used gently) |
|
SP10 (Xuehai) |
Inner thigh |
Nourishes blood |
|
KI3 (Taixi) |
Inner ankle |
Kidney essence support |
|
LR3 (Taichong) |
Top of foot |
Gentle calming |
Important: Post-transfer protocol avoids abdominal needling and uses gentler stimulation to support implantation.
CTA: Discover our evidence-based fertility diet protocol →
Which Fertility Acupuncture Points Are Recommended for Women With PCOS Trying to Conceive?
PCOS requires a specific approach that addresses the underlying TCM pattern of "phlegm-dampness."
PCOS-Specific Acupuncture Points
|
Point |
Function for PCOS |
Why It's Important |
|
SP6 (Sanyinjiao) |
Regulates hormones, nourishes blood |
Addresses underlying hormonal imbalance |
|
SP9 (Yinlingquan) |
Drains dampness, clears phlegm |
Targets the "dampness" pattern common in PCOS |
|
ST40 (Fenglong) |
Transforms phlegm |
Addresses cystic quality of ovaries |
|
LR3 (Taichong) |
Moves Qi, reduces stress |
Helps with mood symptoms, irregular cycles |
|
CV4 (Guanyuan) |
Tonifies kidney, supports reproduction |
Strengthens reproductive function |
|
CV9 (Shuifen) |
Regulates water metabolism |
Addresses fluid retention |
|
ST36 (Zusanli) |
Builds Qi, supports digestion |
Improves metabolic function |
|
BL20 (Pishu) |
Strengthens spleen |
Addresses root cause of dampness |
PCOS Protocol Approach:
- More frequent sessions initially (2x weekly for 4 weeks)
- Focus on transforming phlegm-dampness
- Support insulin sensitivity through digestion points
- Gradual transition to ovulation support
- Typically requires 3-6 months for cycle regulation
Which Acupuncture Points Help Improve Sperm Quality and Male Fertility Issues?
Male fertility acupuncture focuses on kidney tonification and Qi building.
Acupuncture Points for Male Fertility
|
Point |
Location |
How It Supports Male Fertility |
|
CV4 (Guanyuan) |
Below navel |
Tonifies kidney yang, supports sperm production |
|
CV6 (Qihai) |
Below navel |
Strengthens reproductive energy |
|
KI3 (Taixi) |
Inner ankle |
Nourishes kidney essence (foundation of fertility) |
|
SP6 (Sanyinjiao) |
Inner ankle |
Hormonal balance, blood nourishment |
|
BL23 (Shenshu) |
Lower back |
Direct kidney tonification |
|
GV4 (Mingmen) |
Lower back |
"Gate of Vitality," reproductive fire |
|
ST36 (Zusanli) |
Below knee |
Builds overall vitality |
|
LR3 (Taichong) |
Top of foot |
Reduces stress, moves Qi |
Male Fertility Acupuncture Protocol:
- Weekly sessions for 10-12 weeks minimum (full sperm cycle is approximately 3 months)
- Focus on kidney tonification and Qi building
- Stress reduction component important
- Often combined with herbal medicine
- Research shows 16% improvement in motility, 28% improvement in morphology
Which Acupuncture Points Are Used to Improve Uterine Lining and Blood Flow for Fertility?
Building adequate endometrial thickness requires blood-nourishing and circulation-enhancing points.
Points for Uterine Lining by Function
|
Function |
Key Points |
How They Work |
|
Build Blood |
SP6, SP10, ST36, BL17 |
Increase blood volume and quality |
|
Move Blood |
SP10, LR3, CV6 |
Ensure circulation to uterus |
|
Direct Uterine Effect |
Zigong, CV4, ST29 |
Local influence on uterus |
|
Kidney Support |
KI3, BL23, CV4 |
Foundation for lining growth |
|
Spleen Support |
SP6, ST36, BL20 |
Blood production source |
Protocol for Thin Lining:
Follicular Phase Focus:
- Blood-building points: SP6, SP10, ST36
- Circulation points: LR3, CV6
- Sessions: 2x weekly during follicular phase
Additional Support:
- Moxibustion (warming therapy) on CV4, CV6
- Electroacupuncture may enhance blood flow
- Often combined with blood-building herbs
Research Findings: According to studies published in Fertility and Sterility, acupuncture increases uterine artery blood flow by up to 35%. Studies show improved endometrial thickness with best results from consistent treatment over 2-3 months.
See how our integrated protocol supports fertility →
How Often Should I Get Acupuncture Targeting Fertility Points When Trying to Get Pregnant?
Frequency recommendations vary based on your specific fertility goals and diagnosis.
Recommended Acupuncture Frequency by Goal
|
Fertility Goal |
Initial Phase |
Ongoing Phase |
Total Duration |
|
Natural conception (optimization) |
Weekly x 8-12 weeks |
Every 2 weeks |
3-6 months |
|
Irregular cycles/PCOS |
2x weekly x 4 weeks, then weekly |
Weekly until regular |
4-6 months |
|
IVF preparation |
Weekly x 12 weeks before cycle |
2x weekly during stims |
3-4 months |
|
IVF transfer support |
Transfer day (pre + post) |
Weekly during TWW |
Per cycle |
|
Male factor |
Weekly x 12+ weeks |
Every 2 weeks |
3-4 months |
|
Unexplained infertility |
Weekly x 12 weeks |
Every 2 weeks |
6+ months |
|
Recurrent loss |
2x weekly during preparation |
Weekly during first trimester |
4-5 months |
Which Acupressure or Acupuncture Points Can I Use at Home to Support Fertility and Menstrual Balance?
Home acupressure can complement professional treatment between sessions.
Safe Acupressure Points for Home Fertility Support
|
Point |
Location |
How to Stimulate |
When to Use |
Cautions |
|
SP6 |
4 fingers above inner ankle |
Firm circular pressure, 2-3 min each side |
Follicular phase, cycle regulation |
Avoid during TWW and pregnancy |
|
ST36 |
4 fingers below kneecap, outer leg |
Firm pressure, 2-3 min each side |
Anytime |
Safe throughout cycle |
|
KI3 |
Behind inner ankle bone |
Gentle circular pressure, 1-2 min |
Anytime, especially luteal phase |
Safe throughout cycle |
|
LR3 |
Top of foot, between 1st/2nd toes |
Moderate pressure, 2-3 min |
When stressed, follicular phase |
Avoid if trying to hold pregnancy |
|
PC6 |
Inner wrist, 3 fingers up |
Gentle pressure, 1-2 min |
Anytime, for anxiety/nausea |
Safe throughout cycle and pregnancy |
|
CV4 |
3 inches below navel |
Warm palm, gentle pressure |
Follicular phase |
Avoid during period and TWW |
|
Yintang |
Between eyebrows |
Light tapping or pressure |
Before bed, when anxious |
Safe anytime |
Acupressure Technique Tips:
- Apply firm but comfortable pressure
- Use circular motions
- Breathe deeply while stimulating
- Hold for 1-3 minutes per point
- Practice 1-2x daily between professional sessions
Important Limitations: Acupressure complements but doesn't replace professional acupuncture. Point selection is less precise without training. Some points require needles for full therapeutic effect. Always inform your acupuncturist about your home practice.
Read inspiring fertility success stories →
Which Fertility Acupuncture Points Are Recommended for Recurrent Miscarriage Support?
Recurrent pregnancy loss requires careful point selection that supports pregnancy maintenance.
Pre-Conception Phase (3+ months before trying):
- Build kidney essence: KI3, KI6, BL23
- Strengthen holding capacity: CV4, CV6, ST36
- Address blood stasis if present: SP10, LR3
- Calm the spirit: PC6, HT7, GV20
Early Pregnancy Support (First Trimester):
- Safe Points: ST36, KI9, PC6, GV20, Yintang
- Points to Support Pregnancy: KI9 (Zhubin) is known as "Guest House" in TCM
- Avoid: SP6, LI4, LR3, GB21, abdominal points
Important Protocol Notes:
- More frequent sessions pre-conception (2x weekly)
- Weekly sessions once pregnancy confirmed
- Very gentle technique during pregnancy
- Avoid all "descending" or "blood-moving" points
- Focus on calming and supporting
Are There Specific Acupuncture Points to Reduce Stress and Anxiety While Trying to Conceive?
Stress management is crucial for fertility, and specific points target anxiety reduction.
Stress Reduction Points for Fertility:
|
Point |
Location |
How It Reduces Stress |
|
GV20 (Baihui) |
Top of head |
Calms the spirit, clears the mind |
|
Yintang |
Between eyebrows |
"Third Eye," deeply calming |
|
PC6 (Neiguan) |
Inner wrist |
Calms heart, reduces anxiety |
|
HT7 (Shenmen) |
Wrist crease |
"Spirit Gate," calms mind |
|
LR3 (Taichong) |
Top of foot |
Moves stuck Qi, releases frustration |
|
KI6 (Zhaohai) |
Below inner ankle |
Nourishes yin, calms anxiety |
|
Ear Shenmen |
Ear point |
Immediate calming effect |
How Stress Impacts Fertility:
- Elevated cortisol disrupts the HPO axis
- Stress reduces blood flow to reproductive organs
- Fight-or-flight mode inhibits "rest and reproduce" mode
- Chronic stress depletes kidney energy (TCM concept)
Stress Protocol Recommendations:
- Include calming points in every fertility session
- Consider stress-focused sessions during high-anxiety times (IVF cycles, TWW)
- Combine with breathing exercises during treatment
- Use ear seeds for between-session support
What Should I Look for in a Fertility Acupuncturist Who Specializes in Reproductive Acupuncture Points?
Finding the right practitioner makes a significant difference in your outcomes.
Essential Qualifications:
Basic Requirements:
- Licensed Acupuncturist (L.Ac. or equivalent)
- NCCAOM board certification
- Master's degree in TCM/Acupuncture
Fertility Specialization:
- FABORM (Fellow of American Board of Oriental Reproductive Medicine) certification is the gold standard
- ABORM certification in reproductive acupuncture
- Additional training in fertility protocols
- Experience with IVF coordination
Questions to Ask:
- "What percentage of your practice is fertility patients?"
- "Are you FABORM or ABORM certified?"
- "Do you coordinate with local fertility clinics?"
- "How do you modify protocols for IVF cycles?"
- "What is your approach to point selection for my specific situation?"
Red Flags:
- No formal TCM education
- Can't explain your TCM diagnosis
- One-size-fits-all approach
- Guarantees pregnancy
- Discourages medical evaluation
- Doesn't modify treatment for cycle phases
View our clinically-researched fertility supplements →
Can Acupuncture Regulate My Cycle or Hormones?
Research supports acupuncture's ability to influence hormonal balance.
How Acupuncture Regulates Hormones
Research-Supported Effects:
- Regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis
- Reduces cortisol and stress hormones
- May influence FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone
- Improves insulin sensitivity
Points for Hormonal Regulation:
|
Hormone Issue |
Key Points |
Expected Timeline |
|
High FSH |
KI3, KI6, SP6, CV4 |
3-6 months |
|
Irregular LH surge |
SP6, LR3, CV4 |
2-3 cycles |
|
Low progesterone |
CV4, BL23, ST36, GV4 |
2-3 cycles |
|
Elevated prolactin |
LR3, GB34, PC6 |
2-4 months |
|
PCOS hormonal pattern |
SP6, SP9, LR3, ST40 |
3-6 months |
What to Expect:
- Changes are gradual, not immediate
- Most women see cycle changes within 2-3 cycles
- Consistent treatment is essential
- May need 3-6 months for significant hormonal shifts
- Works best in combination with lifestyle changes
What Happens During a Fertility Acupuncture Session?
Understanding what to expect helps you feel prepared and relaxed during treatment.
Initial Consultation (60-90 minutes): Your first visit includes comprehensive intake. Your practitioner will ask detailed questions about your menstrual cycle, fertility history, stress levels, sleep, digestion, and overall health. They'll examine your tongue and take your pulse at both wrists. These TCM diagnostic tools provide information about your internal organ function and energy balance.
Based on this assessment, your practitioner determines your TCM pattern diagnosis. This might be something like "kidney deficiency with blood stasis" or "liver Qi stagnation with spleen deficiency." Your pattern diagnosis guides point selection throughout your treatment.
Treatment Sessions (45-60 minutes): You lie comfortably on a treatment table, usually face up initially. Your practitioner inserts hair-thin needles at specific points. Most people feel minimal sensation. Some points produce a dull ache or heaviness called "de qi," which indicates the point has been properly stimulated.
Needles typically remain in place for 20-30 minutes. During this time, most patients relax deeply. Many fall asleep. Some practitioners add heat lamps over the abdomen, play calming music, or apply warming moxibustion to certain points.
After needle removal, your practitioner may provide dietary recommendations, suggest lifestyle modifications, or recommend supplements that complement your acupuncture treatment.
Between Sessions: Your practitioner may place ear seeds (small beads on adhesive tape) on ear points. These stay on for several days, providing gentle ongoing stimulation. You can press them when feeling stressed or anxious.
Some practitioners recommend specific foods, herbs, or activities between sessions to support your treatment goals.
Conclusion
Understanding fertility acupuncture points empowers you to participate actively in your treatment and optimize your chances of conception. From foundational points like SP6 (Sanyinjiao) for hormonal balance and CV4 (Guanyuan) for uterine strength, to cycle-specific modifications that shift from building points in the follicular phase to calming points post-transfer, strategic point selection makes a meaningful difference.
Research supporting acupuncture for fertility validates what Traditional Chinese Medicine has observed for millennia. When the body's energy flows smoothly and organs receive adequate blood and nourishment, fertility naturally improves. The Paulus Protocol's success in improving IVF pregnancy rates from 26.3% to 42.5% in the original study, combined with meta-analyses showing 30% improvements in live birth rates, demonstrates the clinical value of this approach.
Whether you're preparing for natural conception, supporting an IVF cycle, addressing PCOS or unexplained infertility, or maintaining a pregnancy after recurrent loss, working with a qualified fertility acupuncturist who can customize point selection to your specific diagnosis and treatment phase gives you comprehensive support. Complementing professional treatment with home acupressure on safe points, proper nutrition, targeted supplementation, and stress management creates a complete foundation for your fertility journey.
Contact our fertility support team →
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the acupuncture points for fertility?
Key fertility acupuncture points include SP6 (Sanyinjiao) for hormone regulation, CV4 (Guanyuan) for uterine support, ST36 (Zusanli) for building energy, KI3 (Taixi) for kidney essence, and LR3 (Taichong) for stress reduction and Qi flow.
Where are the needles placed for fertility treatment?
Needles are typically placed on the lower abdomen, inner legs (especially near the ankle), lower back, tops of feet, and sometimes ears. Exact locations vary by your specific diagnosis and cycle phase.
Does acupuncture improve fertility naturally?
Yes, research shows acupuncture can regulate menstrual cycles, improve blood flow to reproductive organs by up to 35%, reduce stress hormones by 50%, and support natural conception by addressing underlying imbalances.
Which points improve uterine lining?
Blood-building points SP6, SP10, and ST36 combined with circulation points like CV6 and Zigong help improve uterine lining thickness and receptivity.
How often should I get acupuncture for fertility?
Most protocols recommend weekly sessions for 8-12 weeks initially, with frequency increasing to twice weekly during IVF stimulation or for conditions like PCOS.
What are the best points for ovulation support?
Points SP6, LR3, and KI3 support ovulation, with LI4 added specifically at ovulation time to promote egg release. LI4 should be avoided during the two-week wait.
Is acupuncture safe during IVF?
Yes, acupuncture is safe during IVF when performed by a trained practitioner who modifies the protocol appropriately, avoiding certain points post-transfer and using gentler techniques during the two-week wait.
Can acupuncture regulate my cycle or hormones?
Studies show acupuncture can regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, with 70% of women with irregular cycles achieving regular ovulation after 3-6 months of consistent treatment.
Which points are used for IVF transfer support?
The Paulus Protocol uses GV20, LI4, SP8, PC6, and CV4 before transfer, then ST36, SP6, SP10, and KI3 after transfer. The original study showed pregnancy rates improving from 26.3% to 42.5%.
Are there points for PCOS fertility support?
PCOS protocols emphasize SP9 and ST40 to drain dampness, alongside SP6 for hormone regulation and LR3 for stress reduction and Qi movement.
What acupressure points can I use at home?
Safe home acupressure points include ST36 (below knee), KI3 (inner ankle), PC6 (inner wrist), and Yintang (between eyebrows). Avoid SP6 and LR3 during the two-week wait.